India’s new tax code?

This video reminds me of one of my college classes relating to Asia.  We discussed how China was leading the way with its foreign direct investments, and creating capitalistic free zones.  Unfortunately, we are seeing how that played out, but it was a good run and if they can figure out their water and pollution issues they will probably be quite successful.  Half of the quarter was dedicated to India.  Our professor was Indian and seemed so frustrated with India and the amount of bureaucracy and red tape.  To have anything done required stamps, signatures, and more stamps and signatures before a final approval.  It kind of reminds me of Obama’s health care proposal, and what it will do to free enterprise.

The first time I visited India we drove from Agra to Jaipur.  Now the road is four lanes, and paved.  However, when I went in 2005 it was a two lane road filled with scooters, camels, donkeys, cows, buses, cars, and I’m sure I’m missing a few things (many of these are still on the road in 2009).  At that time the road was under construction, which made the drive even more precarious not to mention we almost slammed head on into a bus going 60 Mph  (I was luckily asleep, and found out afterwords).

For the dividers and to have traffic change lanes they were using bricks.  At first I just couldn’t belief it, and then I sort of nodded my head and thought well it is India after all.  All along the journey there are small cones sticking up into the sky spouting smoke, and all around were bricks.  So, from a semi-practical standpoint I can understand, but imagine trying to move all these bricks when the time came.  No barricades to hopefully prevent being run over, but a small series of bricks.

I was just there in 2009 and some things have changed, but much is the same.  A lovely country in many respects, but very 3rd world at the same time.  Getting horrendously sick in Agra didn’t help matter nor did being at the hottest place on the planet.  However, what struck me was the construction of the underground.  They already have one, but it is being expanded at a rapid pace for the upcoming Commonwealth Games Delhi 2010.  All around the ground is being ripped open, but there  are dividers, there are areas you can’t go so it seems like a step up.  For the rest of the country I can’t speak.

Now we get to the big news.  I think it is big new because simplification of the tax code is no small feat.  Watch the following video.  Instead of raising taxes, India is proposing to drastically simplify its code.  No tax up to a certain point (in the video), a 10% tax on incomes above said level.

Without knowing all the details… what does this potentially mean?

Let’s start with a few basics about the government and taxes:

1) Governments don’t have an income  — I know someone will try to refute this, but the majority and I mean majority of income comes from two places.  Its tax base meaning you and me, and through inflation.  You know that thing that Ben Bernake is so fond of doing these days.  Right we aren’t experiencing drastic price inflation at the moment, but he is monetizing debt like crazy, which means printing money out of thin air and buying crap with it.

2) As a government provides more services it needs more cash.  How do they get that?   See #1

3) Government doesn’t like to reduce its tax income because that means it has to provide fewer “services”, subsidies, welfare programs, etc…  This makes getting elected more difficult, because people want to be provided for.

4) With a smaller government due to a reduced “income” there is less of a foothold on controlling its society.

5) Less control over its society means more free will to the people.

You may or may not agree with me about points 1-5, which is fine as I won’t take it personally.  What it does mean is that people will have more money in their pockets to utilize as they see fit.  Who wouldn’t want more of their hard earned cash to spend as they wish.

I imagine if India passes this reform, and it is what they say it is there will be a boom in India.  Business will flourish, people will come out of their shacks, and start producing on a grander scale.  For clarification when I say shacks I mean it literally.  There is a staggering amount of poor people in India, crippled, sick, and desperate.

As businesses grow due to increased retained earnings, which will be used as productive capital there will be an increased demand for employees.  Greater demand for work, wealth increases all around, and everyone’s living standard rises.

For the sake of the people of India if this proposal is what it might be I hope it passes.

So, take a couple minutes and watch this!

Some See China’s Buying Spree on Commodities as Short-Lived – NYTimes.com

Some See China’s Buying Spree on Commodities as Short-Lived – NYTimes.com.

With the advent of Central Banks printing their way out of this mess the probabilities continue to point toward inflation.  While the rate of expansion of the money supply has lessened it is no less continuing to rise.  Should the Fed decide to sell some of its assets I can only imagine a depression ensuing.  As some have said they are threading the needle between inflation and depression, but at some point I think the hole will close and we will be stuck on the side of inflation.

The rebound in commodity prices is staggering.  Many factors influence commodities, among them currency valuations, supply and demand, forecasted demands, hedges against currency devaluations, and inflation.  China plays a major role in the demand factor.  In a recent NY Times article, referenced above, they state that while China is stockpiling commodities production lags.

At least 90 large freighters full of iron ore are idling off Chinese ports, where they face waits of up to two weeks to unload because port storage operations are overflowing, chief executives of shipping companies said in interviews this week. Yet actual steel production from that iron ore is recovering much more slowly in China, and Chinese steel exports remain weak.

“There has been enormous stockpiling of all commodities” by China, and this cannot continue indefinitely, said Tim Huxley, the chief executive of Wah Kwong Maritime Transport Holdings, a big shipping line based here.

China is getting ahead of it future needs, which makes sense, but how long can it continue?  I have no doubt in my mind that we will see higher prices for everything, while wages stagnate and job losses continue.  The question however is if commodity prices will continue to rise without a correction?  If I had a crystal ball I would say yes primarily due to our fiat money system, record low levels of food supplies, and energy stocks being depleted while further exploration and extraction projects are being put on hold.  Until we see higher energy prices they won’t be put into full swing, which take years to develop. Nothing goes in a straight line however, so a mild correction would be encouraging for buying on the dip.

Back to the demand situation…

Richard S. Elman, the chief executive of the Noble Group, Asia’s largest diversified commodities trading company, bounced up from the conference table in his office here when asked about freight rates during an interview on Tuesday morning. He walked over to his desk, dominated by three computer screens that partly obscure a perfect view of Hong Kong’s harbor, and quickly punched up on one screen a list of daily charter rates for large bulk carrier freighters.

The list showed ship owners charging $58,000 a day now but just $24,000 a day for charters next year or in 2011 — an indication that there will be more ships than cargoes in the years ahead, particularly with shipyards still finishing vessels ordered during the recent boom.

Pointing to the rates for the next two years, Mr. Elman said, “That’s the real market” for ships.

As demand drops so do shipping rates.  There just isn’t as much stuff being moved around the globe.  Thanks to our inflated demand for goods we have excess capacity.  How many more ships can sit idle while China continues to stockpile?  If China slows it stockpiling, and demand for goods continues to drop and the recession continues and joblessness rises then what will be the impetus for prices to rise.  Again we have to go back to the fiat money system, and increasing debt to GDP all around the world.  How will our debt be paid off?  Inflation.
Even with a drop in demand for raw goods and materials if central banks continue on their present path we are headed for higher prices.  So, I’d like to see a correction in the price of goods due to a demand drop and then hold on for a wild ride as prices increase.
While I say I’d like to see this for profit potential, unfortunately there is a consequence on the human level.  If prices rise, while wages stagnate people will protest in anger.  It is a catch-22.

Congressional Budget Outlook :: CBO

Hold your hats folks as here are some of the forecasts for 2009 (link):

  • GDP falling by 2.2%
  • Slow recovery in 2010
  • > 9% unemployment by 2010
  • Decline in inflation (hmmmm… if monetary policy says anything this will reverse or at least eventually destroy the dollar)
  • Continued decline in housing prices
  • Decline in real consumption of more than 1%
  • Indeterminate on the financial system

And the best of all

$1.2 trillion dollar budget deficit for 2009*

*That doesn’t include the proposed stimulus package
*That amounts to 8.3% of GDP

So, we have an economy in decline, and digging a deeper and deeper hole to climb out of.  What I really want to know is how are we going to pay for 1) a 1.2T dollar deficit, and 2) a large fiscal stimulus package of a indeterminate size.

Let’s see our foreign friends have been purchasing our debt, which enabled us to essentially live off of their productive labor.  China for example is seeing a marjor reduction in exports, its economy is contracting, and eventually it is going to have to decide if it is worth supporting the American lifestyle at their own expense.  Presently, everyone is so intertwined I think there is a fear that if one jumps the house of cards falls down and we all lose.  However, is it possible for say China to pull out of the house of cards with minimal damage?  Is there a way they can reduce their exposure to US debt, and not have their savings collapse?  This is something I’d really like to know.

Seems to me that if they slowly shift some of their dollar reserves into commodities and other currencies SLOWLY, especially when there is increased demand they will be able to lessen their exposure.  The US import market is tanking, and has been tanking.  With unemployment increasing Bloomberg people are going to have a smaller income and will be forces to save thus hurting exporting countries.  This isn’t a US phenomena alone as Europe and frankly the rest of the world is contracting simultaneously, while being fed a mouthful of credit from central banks to re-inflate the bubble.  Last I checked it is very difficult to inflate a popped bubble.

Let’s take the latest number from Taiwan Bloomberg.  Their exports dropped by a record 41.9%.  We all know that Taiwan exports electronics, which have been a major boon ever since the technological revolution, which also saw a major hiccuup in 2000-2003.  So, this is confirmation of a major exporting taking a major hit.  There will be ramifications for the Taiwanese economy.

I can’t imagine that after the dust settles the world’s economies will look the same.  The sea of money will shift to where is sees the most opportunity and in its movement will tear apart the economies of many.

Here are a few more headlines on Bloomberg alone that tell a um telling story:

Fed Revives Discussion of Inflation Target to Counter Risk of Price Slide

ECB Expanded Balance Sheet by 36 Percent Last Year to Revive Bank Lending

Apartment Rents Fall, Vacancies Rise to Four-Year High on U.S. Job Losses

Shopping Center Vacancies in U.S. Approach 10-Year High as Stores Fail

Procter & Gamble Fights to Refinance as U.S. Borrowings Reach $2 Trillion

U.S. Banks Will Need to Raise More Cash in 2009, Meredith Whitney Writes

I’ll leave it at that, but what I’m seeing is RECESSION coupled with the Fed trying to stave it off through any means necessary, which is now including outright purchases of securities on the open markets.  Again we have no savings and are either monetizing debt or borrowing it from somewhere.  To do this will be disastrous to the dollar and our reputation as a solid financial center of the world.  Sure there are plenty of other economies in dire situations, but in the end who will come out with the heads up high and who will come out still in the sand?

The case for inflation

The following are responses that Richard Maybury gave in an interview with Investor Insight.

He makes a case for the coming of a great inflation. We haven’t seen the beginning yet as we are still going through a process of de-leveraging.

–Article–

Obama is a boomer, and I think an understanding of the boomers is a valuable tool for seeing what is coming. Boomers were raised in government-controlled schools and colleges where they were taught Keynesian and socialist economics. Neither Keynesianism nor socialism contains the concept of malinvestment, meaning the distortions caused by the government injecting massive money into the economy. These two forces, the injection effect and malinvestment, are the foundation of the economic crisis, and I’ve never heard Mr. Obama or his advisors say anything about them.

Money responds to the law of supply and demand just as everything else does. When the supply of dollars goes up, the value of each individual dollar falls, and prices rise to compensate. That’s inflation. Inflation isn’t rising prices. Inflating the money supply causes rising prices.

As prices rise, people become poorer and they demand relief. The politicians stop injecting money, people have less to spend, and business slows down, often causing a recession. The shakeout can be very painful, depending on how long the inflation has lasted and how many new dollars have been injected into the economy.

The government has only two ways to finance its spending — taxes, and printing money. Seven years ago the White House and Congress decided to finance the war by printing dollars instead of raising taxes. According to the St. Louis Federal Reserve’s MZM measure of money supply, the number of dollars circulating in the US on 9-11 was $5.3 trillion, and now it’s $8.7 trillion.

What is generally overlooked is the fact that the Federal Reserve has been inflating the money supply almost without pause ever since the Fed was created 94 years ago. So, underpinning the most recent seven years of injections and malinvestment, we have the residual from the previous 87 years.

Remember that I said events will control Obama much more than Obama will control events. Ever since the Great Depression, the way the federal government has dealt with shakeouts has been by re-inflating. They halt recessions by expanding the money supply further, which stops the shakeout. But that leaves a lot of bad investments in place, and it also creates a lot more. Of course, the so-called rescue pushes the day of reckoning into the future.

The interview continues and he mentions that eventually as the reserve currency the United States will have to do something to regain support of the dollar. He proposes this will be done through a return to the dollar being backed by some basket of currencies. Something will have to be done if the dollar isn’t to be completely destroyed. The entire interview is worth the read. Here it is: Interview.

Purgatory….

Ever watched a sci-fi movie where the crew goes into stasis while they travel from one end of the galaxy to the other?  Ever contemplated Purgatory where heaven and hell meet?  

I feel as though this is a period of semi-consciousness awaiting judgement…  Last night I was catching up on some news online when I was watching the futures markets turning deeper and deeper shades of red.  The morning was locked limit down and then we had an immediate spike — DOWN.  However, the day is turning out to be mild in comparison to what may have happened.  

The reason I label this as purgatory is because I think we are either going to swiftly swing in one direction or the other.  Emotion is in control at the moment and perhaps irrational.  Once the herd stampedes watch out.  If people want cash watch out markets.  As I said in a earlier post we haven’t really seen an exodus or pure panic yet.  

The news from around the world is to be expected given the size of the credit contraction.  

I think we may see a rally, perhaps not today, but maybe next week as people see bargains.  News will continue to be increasingly gloomy, spreading a shadow around the world.  The contraction will not abate and people in a moment of fear and panic will sell.  Hedge funds will continue to implode sending equity prices down further.  Mutual funds will have to begin liquidating.  The dollar will roar ahead.  

Only problem is that we have never seen such a huge monetary expansion. Once banks decide to start lending again that money they are now hoarding and using to purchase other banks will flow into the system.  Bam!!@! huge credit expansion at a completely unsustainable rate, and thus hyperinflation.  Equities may rebound, but given the recession they will probably be somewhat stagnant as the new capital investment will take time to be realized.  Meanwhile, gold, oil, and food will goto the moon as the dollar plummets.  Interest rates will also soar as the reality of our debt burden takes hold alongside major inflation.  People will want to be compensated for holding a worthless and bankrupt currency.  

My only real complaint with this prognostication is strength in the dollar.  I’m having a hard time comprehending or even believing that this dollar rally will continue.  It is a flawed currency, and has no basis for strength.  Then again what fiat currency really has any value?

 

my2cents

Banks are lending — NOT

The theory was beautiful (well in the abstract)…

Give troubled banks more credit and they will lend it out and the economy will stop its free-fall.  Now, that sounds like utopia to me.  Create credit and we will all be saved for unemployement, slowing production, decreased consumer spending, and rising interest rates.

HOLD ON… let’s put a toe back on the plane of reality…

Banks aren’t lending much more than before eventhough they are being handed gobs of cash.  Why wouldn’t banks lend out free money?

What if…

  1. there aren’t any borrowers worthy of getting loans? — Let’s say during a recession!  Oh right the economy slows WAY… DOWN.
  2. there are more troubled banks and unknowns on banks balance sheets.
  3. banks are holding the cash knowing full well that there is another storm on the horizon

I didn’t pull this out of thin air like the Fed does with money.  An article in the NY Times starts with

The banks aren’t lending. And despite what you have heard, they probably won’t start just yet.

Sorry Paulson your plan isn’t working.

“Our purpose is to increase confidence in our banks and increase the confidence of our banks, so that they will deploy, not hoard, their capital,” Mr. Paulson said in a statement Monday. “And we expect them to do so, as increased confidence will lead to increased lending. This increased lending will benefit the U.S. economy and the American people.

Of course, with a $250 billion injection into America’s biggest banks — not all of which were troubled — Mr. Paulson has a political sales job to do. And no requirements to lend were attached to the money. (Some banks may use the money to buy others.)

But Mr. Paulson is making a big assumption about confidence, because until the real economy recovers — which could take more than a year — lending to Main Street is unlikely to return rapidly to normal levels.

“It doesn’t matter how much Hank Paulson gives us,” said an influential senior official at a big bank that received money from the government, “no one is going to lend a nickel until the economy turns.” The official added: “Who are we going to lend money to?” before repeating an old saw about banking: “Only people who don’t need it.”

Again banks don’t want to lend into a very uncertain future.  They want confidence in the economy — there isn’t any and the opposite is occurring.  People are spending less as they become more concerned about the safety of their jobs.  Most Americans have no savings cushion to fall back on.

Roger Bootle and Jonathan Loynes of Capital Economics in London wrote a sobering note on Monday about the cash infusions into European banks that may apply here as well. “We expect rising loan defaults and further asset write-offs over the next couple of years to practically wipe out the governments’ capital injections, leaving banks back at square one,” they said. “Given that banks will need to increase their capital in order to expand their lending book, these measures on their own are unlikely to prevent bank lending from stagnating.”

Wait a minute… all that money being put into the system to restore confidence and spur lending may just vanish?  So at the end of the day more banks fail, the economy continues to contract, available credit continues to contract, unemployment rises, and interest rates eventually rise.  This isn’t what Paulson sold to us with his bailout plan.  Were we duped?

Nah, the individuals responsible for the government’s actions are always in need of votes and making a horrible situation look not so bad or at least feasible to fix.  At the end of the day our failed bailouts will have a disastrous effect.  The consequences are a HUGE debt burden, a larger interest payment on that debt, the world losing confidence in the value of the dollar, and a prolonged recession probably followed by major inflation.  I’ve been singing this song for a while and it will take time to play out, but as you can see this is a VERY rocky road.

Another bailout, more credit… when will we learn?

It seems that the tune to march to these days is credit o credit we need more credit.  Somehow somewhere we forgot quite quickly that credit got us into this mess.  If credit is expanding much faster than real economic growth the outcome will be instability in the economy.  That is like an individual taking on more debt while their income stays steady or worse is in decline.  At some point in the future the debt will become unmanageable.  Once debt is too great a burden that individual is going to have to either sell assets to pay off the debt, declare bankruptcy, increase their income, or default.  The one thing that makes the government lucky or so it seems is that they can increase “income” through inflating the money supply event hough it is really illusionary.  All they have done is take money from every taxpayer to service the ever growing debt burden.

I find it distressing that Bernake and Co. are talking about further fiscal stimulus to the tune of $150 billion dollars and Democrats want double that.  We are already over $1 trillion in debt for this year.  Where o where are we to find this money?  Perhaps a leprechaun will appear beneath the rainbow and we will be saved.  If the politicians and bureaucrats have their way this is exactly what will happen.  

American’s have no or very little savings to invest in capital goods.  We are laden in debt and attempting to service that debt.  If unemployment rises substantially then servicing that debt will become even more burdensome.  Another stimulus package will probably be used to payoff existing debt, which does nothing for stimulating growth.

So, what do we do…  Many have proposed various solutions.  

Why not reduce the size of the government for one. 
– Yes, people will lose their jobs.  However, with time they will find other jobs as that money can now be used for other things.

Reduce taxes, and the size of the tax code.
—  Our tax code is way to complicated and confusing.  I would love to know the cumulative hours wasted on tax returns every year by companies and individuals.  Imagine if we had a flat tax of 10-15%…  get rid of tax incentives, credits, exemptions, etc…  Not everyone is going to be happy about it, but a reduction in the tax burden in actual numbers and time would enable people to use their money elsewhere and as they choose versus having someone decide for them where to best put it to use.   

Return our currency to one backed by a physical commodity — GOLD and SILVER
— The government would hate this, but it would eliminate the major booms and busts and enable constant growth.  Money would again have a true value versus the value instilled by the gov’t.  Money’s value would be returned to the people and taken away from the money printers, and confiscators of our savings.

Bring our troops home
— We don’t need to be the world’s police.  Occupying over 140 countries is absurd and very costly.  I agree that we need to have an army to defend the country, but it needs to be defensive and not offensive.  Our paws are in too many honey jars.  We are bound to piss off the bees, which we are continually doing and then blame them for getting upset at us.  Ironic don’t you think.

Remove all subsidies and tariffs
— All they do is distort the market place and what people produce.  For example why do we have corn syrup in our soda, but in the rest of the world they use sugar?  Corn is highly subsidized, while sugar has many tariffs on it.  Corn Syrup is cheaper due to government policy.  Corn farmers love this, while it hurts all of us.  We pay for those subsidies, and also pay high sugar prices.

I’m going to leave it at that, but there are plenty more options.  People say that ignorance is bliss.  NO it isn’t bliss it is being LAZY.  Will you get out of a parking ticket or a speeding ticket if you claim ignorance?  Not unless you are really smooth with words.  

What happened to being responsible? If you take on too much debt then you have a problem.  American’s have a virus, and it is contagious.  We live beyond our means, and then when we get in trouble someone bails us out at the cost of everyone.  The one’s who really pay are the responsible ones who are living within their means.

Look at the Fed Goooooooooooooooooooooo

 

I found this on www.chrismartenson.com and couldn’t resist posting it here especially after my post about the dollar.  How the dollar is going to survive after this much cash is pushed into the system I really don’t know.  A inflationary depression seems to be looking more and more likely.  It would explain why gold is so scarce on the physical market.  People are losing faith in fiat currency and want hard currency that has some store of value.  Paper is easily printed, and as Voltaire said

“Paper money eventually returns to its intrinsic value – zero”

Is it just me or is that line going almost STRAIGHT up.  If that isn’t a sign of complete and utter panic well I don’t know what is.  They are going to put as much liquidity into the system as possible.  Will this mean that you house will go back up in value?  Perhaps, but your purchasing power will decline severely.  Jim Rogers said the US currency is doomed, and I agree.  It is only a matter of when, and not if.

 

The US Dollar gaining? What?

Hyperinflation, inflation, deflation, depression, recession, stagflation… well which is it? I have no clue, but there is a massive monetary inflation occurring, and a looming recession.  Hmmm so does this mean a inflationary depression?  Yikes.

Last week I took a break from overwhelming myself about the markets and the state of the economy. The timing wasn’t perfect, but I had personal reasons.

Before I start on the quest of exploring our present situation of the potententional…”ion”s I want to make sure we are on the same page. Therefore lets have a defining moment:

Money: Easily exchangeable, is relatively scarce, and is a store of value.

Inflation: An increase in the money supply
Deflation:
A decrease in the money supply
Hyperinflation: A self-perpetuating unstoppable (more or less) state of inflation
Recession:
A significant decline in business activity, mainly a contraction in the economy or slowing of growth
Depression:
A long-term economic state characterized by unemployment and low prices and low levels of trade and investment
Stagflation:
A period of time characterized by high inflation and recessionary conditions.

I’ve been looking at calls for the vaious scenarios and needed some clarification as to what happens in the various situations.  For the most part it seems obvious, but I’ve been struggling with the increase in the value of the United States dollar.  Our national debt is above 10 trillion and rising rapidly as the recent bailouts continue, and the most recent increase in military spending added another $612 billion that we have to pay for.

Why is the risk of deflation so frightening that the Fed, Treasury, governments, and foreign central banks will do anything to stave it off?  Deflation is like the grim reaper knocking on your door for a fiat currency.  A fiat currency survives on debt and inflation (credit expansion).  Too much inflation and it can become worthless, and negative inflation (deflation) and it gains value.  That sounds like a good thing but it isn’t.  As the currency gains in value debt becomes more expensive, and thus more difficult to pay off.  Imagine taking out a $100,000.00 loan with todays dollars and paying it off with dollars from 1930.  Good luck! During deflation prices also fall due to the decrease in the money supply and as there is no longer credit being handed out for people to use to consume and invest.  The whole system comes tumbling down and the reaper walks in the door to say hello!

When credit is created (a loan) that is an increase in the money supply, and when it is paid off that is a decrease in the money supply.  Say the loan is $100.00.  That is $100.00 of money put into existance with a very small percentage actually backing it.  Now I repay my $100.00 loan and that credit is erased and the money supply contracts.  This is the normal situation that occurs daily.  However, if people don’t want to lend or borrow then we have a problem.

No credit means no ability to borrow, which means no abilty to purchase goods and services.  Everything is based on debt today.  The change began in 1913 with the Fed, and the ultimate shift to fiat money was in 1972 during the Nixon presidency when we abandoned the gold standard and thus savers were punished from that day forward.

Okay this leads to me to the strengthening of the United States Dollar…  Why I ask is it getting stronger.  Many argue that it is because Europe is weakening, which may be part of the picture.  However, I read something that made a clear point that because European banks are required to hold dollars for various toxic debt they hold denominated in dollars they normally use the interbank markets based on the LIBOR rate.  However, that market is seized up and nobody wants to lend so they start using the EUR / USD credit swap market.  As they purchase dollars its value goes up.  Notice today that the Euro gained against the dollar when the Fed decided to start purchasing short-term commercial paper.  They are stepping in and becoming the new mainstay for that market: which one?  EVERY MARKET <Interesting…>

And tomorrow is a new day!

History has its warnings:::

 

Given the current climate I think a quick look to the past is appropriate:

“Two thousand years ago a Roman Senator suggested that all slaves wear white armbands to better identify them.” “No,” said a wise Senator.  ” If they see how many of them they are they will revolt.”

 

Steal:

to take the property of another wrongfully and especially as a habitual or regular practice

- Webster’s Dictionary
“It is well that the people of the nation don’t understand the banking system for if they did, I believe there would be a revolution before tomorrow morning.”
–Henry Ford
“We have, in this country, one of the most corrupt institutions the world has ever known.  I refer to the Federal Reserve Board.  This evil institution has impoverished the people of the United States and has practically bankrupted our government.  It has done this through the corrupt practices of the moneyed vultures who control it.”
– Congressman Louis T. McFadden
“I believe that banking institutions are more dangerous to our liberties than standing armies. Already they have raised up a monied aristocracy that has set the government at defiance.  The issuing power (of money) should be taken away from the banks and restored to the people to whom it properly belongs.”
– Thomas Jefferson, U.S. President
“History records that money changers have used every form of abuse, intrigue, deceit, and violent means possible to maintain their control over governments by controlling money and it’s issuance.”
– James Madison
“Most Americans have no real understanding of the international money lenders.  The accounts of the Federal Reserve System have never been audited.  It operates outside the control of Congress and manipulated the credit of the United States.”
– Senator Barry Goldwater (Rep. AZ)
“If, as it appears, the experiment that was called “America” is at an end… then perhaps a fitting epitaph would be… here lies America the greatest nation that might have been had it not been for the Edomite bankers who first stole their money, used their stolen money to buy their politicians and press and lastly deprived them of their constitutional freedom by the most evil device yet created
— The Federal Reserve Banking System.” – G.D. McDaniel
  ”This [Federal Reserve Act] establishes the most gigantic trust on earth. When the President [Wilson] signs this bill, the invisible government of the monetary power will be legalized….the worst legislative crime of the ages is perpetrated by this banking and currency bill.” 
–  Charles A. Lindbergh, Sr. , 1913
 ”From now on, depressions will be scientifically created.” 
– Congressman Charles A.  Lindbergh Sr. , 1913
“The Federal Reserve bank buys government bonds without one penny…” 
– Congressman Wright Patman, Congressional Record, Sept 30, 1941

“The Federal Reserve banks are one of the most corrupt institutions the world has ever seen. There is not a man within the sound of my voice who does not know that this nation is run by the International bankers.”

– Congressman Louis T. McFadden (Rep. Pa)

    “Some people think the Federal Reserve Banks are the United States government’s institutions. They are not government institutions. They are private credit monopolies which prey upon the people of the United States for the benefit of themselves and their foreign swindlers” 

–Congressional  Record 12595-12603 — Louis T. McFadden, Chairman of the Committee on Banking and Currency (12 years) June 10, 1932

  ”When you or I write a check there must be sufficient funds in out account to cover the check, but when the Federal Reserve writes a check there is no bank deposit on which that check is drawn. When the Federal Reserve writes a check, it is creating money.” 

– Putting it simply, Boston Federal Reserve Bank